The High Court's (HC) judicial interventions against environmental degradation have set a precedent for advancing environmental justice in Bangladesh. Through a series of landmark judgments and directives, the HC has played a vital role in ensuring a liveable environment for future generations.
Key Judgments and Directives
One of the most significant rulings came on January 28, 2025, when the HC directed the formation of committees to approve tree felling in Dhaka and other district towns and upazilas. This directive aimed to prevent unauthorized tree cutting, though it does not apply to privately owned trees in rural areas.
In 2019, the HC declared all rivers in Bangladesh as 'living entities,' designating the National River Conservation Commission as their legal guardian. This judgment mandated stringent measures to prevent river pollution and encroachment.
The HC has also issued multiple directives to halt hill cutting across the country. Notable orders include stopping hill cutting in Lohagara upazila of Chattogram, Dinarpur of Nabiganj upazila in Habiganj, and the Lalmai Hills of Cumilla. Additionally, hill cutting in Sajek, a popular tourist destination in Rangamati Hill District, was halted on April 2, 2024.
Addressing Pollution and Protecting Natural Resources
On January 13, 2020, the HC issued a nine-point directive to curb air pollution in Dhaka. These measures included covering trucks transporting sand or soil, ensuring construction sites comply with dust pollution prevention, and seizing vehicles emitting black smoke.
The HC's 2009 directive, upheld by the Supreme Court, mandated the relocation of Hazaribagh tanneries to Savar, significantly reducing pollution in Dhaka. Additionally, the HC has ordered the protection of Cox's Bazar Sea Beach and described the Sundarbans as Bangladesh's 'lungs,' implementing strict regulations to preserve these natural assets.
Illegal brick kilns have also faced HC scrutiny. Numerous directives have led to the closure, demolition, and disconnection of illegal kilns from utilities. On November 28, 2024, the HC directed authorities to ensure illegal brick kilns across all divisions remain shut down.
